What is the pituitary gland?
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain that plays a pivotal role in regulating critical bodily processes and harmony. More specifically, the pituitary:
- Is considered the "master control gland" of the body
- Weighs less than 1 gram in adults
- Sits in a protective bony enclosure called the sella turcica
- Is functionally divided into two distinct structures:
- Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
- Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
- Interacts with the hypothalamus
- Secretes hormones that regulate key functions:
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Thyroid function
- Adrenal function
- Metabolism
- Water/salt balance
- And more!
The anterior pituitary produces tropic hormones that trigger other glands to release hormones. Key anterior pituitary hormones include:
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers cortisol release
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates ovulation and estrogen in women
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) controls testosterone and ovulation
- Growth hormone (GH) stimulates growth in children and adolescents
Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.
So in summary, the walnut-sized pituitary gland governs vital processes ranging from growth to metabolism to reproduction by coordinating signals between the endocrine system and other glands. Malfunction of this master gland can cause hormonal havoc and health issues. But when functioning properly, it keeps our bodies running smoothly!
Visit Thrive Hormone Therapy for more information on hormonal health.